A

Introduction A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

 

above-ground biomass [biomasse aérienne (n.f.)]
See biomass

 

accessory species [essence auxiliaire (n.f.)]
A species of less commercial value than the principal species but sometimes useful in assisting the latter and liable to influence the method of treatment to some degree. (3)

 

accessory systems [traitements combinés (n.m.)]
Any silvicultural system derived from one or more of the basic systems and not dependent on any particular method of regeneration. (3)

 

adjuvant [adjuvant (n.m.)]
An additive used in pesticide spray formulations which enhances adherence to plants.

 

advance germination[germination physiologique (n.f.)]
See pregermination

 

advance growth[régénération préexistante (n.f.)]
See advance regeneration

 

advance regeneration [régénération préexistante (n.f.)]
Young trees under existing stands capable of becoming the next crop. Regeneration established before logging that has survived the logging operation.

 

adventitious [adventif(ve) (adj.)]
Of a plant part that develops outside the usual order of time and/or position, e.g., an adventitious bud arises from any part of a stem, leaf, or root but lacks vascular connection with the pith; an adventitious shoot derives from an adventitious bud; an adventitious root arises from parts of the plant other than a preexisting root, e.g., from a stem or leaf. (3)

 

aerial seeding [ensemencement aérien (n.m.)]
See seeding

 

afforestation [boisement (n.m.)]
The establishment of a tree crop on an area from which it has always, or for very long, been absent. Where such establishment fails and is repeated, the latter may properly be termed reafforestation. (3)

 

age [âge (n.m.)]
1. Of a tree:

breast height [âge à hauteur de poitrine]:  The number of annual growth rings between the bark and the pith, as counted at breast height (1.3 m). (5)

harvest [âge de maturité]:  The number of years required to grow from establishment to a specified condition of maturity.

stump [âge à hauteur de souche]:   The number of annual growth rings between the bark and the pith, as counted at stump height (0.15 m) (5)

total [âge total]:  The number of years elapsed since the germination of the seed, rooting of cuttings, or the budding of the sprout or root sucker.

2. Of a forest, stand, or forest type: the average of the trees comprising it.

harvest [âge de récolte]:  The number of years between the establishment and the final harvest of a forest crop. (5)

total [âge total]:  The average total age of the trees comprising it. (5)

 

age class [classe d'âge (n.f.)]
A distinct group of trees or portion of growing stock recognized on the basis of age. (1)

 

age-class distribution [répartition des classes d'âge (n.f.)]
The location and/or proportionate representation of different age classes in a forest. (3)

 

age-class interval [étendue d'une classe d'âge (n.f.)]
See age-class period

 

age-class period [étendue d'une classe d'âge (n.f.)]
The number of years within the limits of a given age class. (3)

 

age gradation [sous-classe d'âge (n.f.)]
An age class of one or at the most a few years. (3)

 

agroforestry [agroforesterie (n.f.)]
The deliberate integration, in space or time, of woody perennials with herbaceous crops and/or animals on the same land management unit. (26)

 

air layering [marcottage aérien (n.m.)]
Inducing root development on an undetached aerial portion of a plant, commonly by wounding it, treating it with a rooting stimulant, and wrapping it in moist material under a waterproof covering, so that the portion so treated is capable of independent growth after separation from the mother plant. (3)

 

air pruning [élagage aérien (n.m.)]
Limiting extension of a root system beyond a container by exposure to air.

 

air seeding [ensemencement aérien (n.m.)]
See seeding: aerial

 

all-aged [de tous âges (n.m)]
Of a forest, crop, or stand that contains trees of all, or almost all, age classes, including those of exploitable age. (3)

 

all-aged structure [structure équilibrée (n.f.)]
A stand in which trees of most or all age classes, from seedlings to mature trees, are represented. (1)

 

allelopathy [allélopathie (n.f.)]
The negative influence of a plant, other than a microorganism, upon another plant, through chemical exudate during their metabolism. (3)

 

allowable cut [possibilité de coupe (n.f.)]
The volume of wood that may be harvested, under management, for a given period. (5)

 

anchor chains [chaînes d'ancre (n.f.)]
Heavy chains, often with spikes welded to the links, used in drag scarification.

 

anchor-chain clearing [dragage (n.m.)]
See chaining

 

angle planting [plantation avec bêche (n.f.)]
See slit planting

 

arboriculture [arboriculture (n.f.)]
The cultivation, that is, growing and tending, of trees and shrubs, individually or in small groups, generally for ornament, protection, and instruction rather than direct use or profit. (3)

 

area ignition [allumage de zone (n.m.)]
The setting of a number of individual fires throughout an area, either simultaneously or in quick succession, and so spaced that they soon coalesce, influence, and support each other to produce a hot, fast-spreading fire throughout the area. (6)

 

artificial regeneration [régénération artificielle (n.f)]
Renewal of a tree crop by direct seeding or by planting seedlings or cuttings. (1)

 

asexual reproduction [propagation asexuée (n.f)]
Reproduction without fertilization. New individuals may develop from vegetative parts such as tubers, bulbs, or rooted stems, or from sexual parts such as unfertilized eggs or other cells in the ovule. (25)

 

associated species [essences associées (n.f.)]
See accessory species

 

auger planting [plantation à la tarière (n.f.)]
Setting plants in loosened soil replaced in or brought to a dug hole using an auger. (3)

 

average annual stand depletion[épuisement annuel moyen (n.m)]
See thinning intensity

 

B

Introduction A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

 

backlog [arriéré (n.m)]
An administrative term used to classify inadequately stocked forest land that has been denuded (cut over, burned, etc.).

 

ball planting [plantation en motte (n.f.)]
Setting out trees with their roots left undisturbed in a dug-out clod of soil.
Note: if trees are bare-rooted, and roots are enclosed in a rough ball of soil, they are properly termed balled. (3)

 

band application [traitement par bande (n.m)]
Applying pesticides and/or fertilizers in a linear strip on or along crop rows rather than over the entire ground area.

 

band girdling [annélation totale (n.f.)]
Removing a broad band of bark, from several centimetres to a metre wide, all round a living bole with some sapwood or without, so as to kill (with or without the aid of herbicide), or at least weaken, the tree. (3)

 

banding [cerclage (n.m.)]
Applying a chemical or other substance to the bole of a tree in the form of a band.

 

band seeding [ensemencement par bandes (n.m)]
Broadcast sowing of seeds along wide strips.

 

bare-root seedling [semis à racines nues (n.m.)]
See seedling

 

bark stripping [écorçage (n.m.)]
Removing the bark of a tree in narrow strips.

 

basal area [surface terrière (n.f.)]
1. Of a tree: The area in square metres of the cross section at breast height of the stem. (5)

2. Of a forest, stand, or forest type: The area in square metres per hectare of the cross section at breast height of all the trees. (5)

 

basal bark treatment [traitement arboricide cortical (à la base de l'arbre) (n.m.)]
A treatment for killing trees and brush in which a herbicide is applied, by sprayer or brush, to a band of bark encircling the basal portion of the stem. (3)

 

basal injection [injection à la base de la tige (n.f.)]
A treatment consisting of forcing a liquid or an encapsulated herbicide into the basal portion of a tree.

 

basic forest management [aménagement de base (n.m.)]
Extensive forest management plus artificial regeneration where necessary.

cf. extensive forest management

 

basic silviculture [sylviculture de base (n.f.)]
All the silvicultural practices required to achieve free-growing (or established) regeneration of desired species at specified densities and stocking.

 

basket planting [plantation en panier (n.f.)]
Setting out young trees, etc., in loosely-woven baskets in which they have been raised from seed or to which they have been transferred from the seed bed. Closely allied is box planting using various types of wooden boxes. (3)

 

bedding [billonnage (n.m.)]
A site preparation procedure in which the soil is mounded mechanically to provide a well-drained ridge on which seedlings are planted or seeds distributed naturally or directly.

 

biomass [biomasse (n.f.)]
The total mass of living organisms of one or more species per unit of area, or all the species in a community. It can be divided into above-ground biomass and below-ground biomass. (3)

 

blading [préparation du sol par coupe à la cisaille (n.f.)]
Using the straight blade of a crawler tractor or similar equipment to remove coarse woody debris and thick duff off the site to create planting lines or spots.

 

blank [vide, manque (n.m.)]
Any forest area in a crop or stand that has remained virtually unstocked, more particularly in plantations. A planting point where the tree has failed or is missing. (3)

 

block cutting [coupe à blanc par blocs (n.f.)]
Removal of the crop in blocks in one or more operations, generally for wildlife management purposes, encouraging regeneration, or protecting fragile sites. (2)

Considered in Ontario to be a variation of clearcutting.

 

blowdown [chablis (n.m.)]
See windfall

 

box pruning [élagage latéral (des racines) (n.m.)]
Lateral root pruning on four sides of nursery stock in situ. Previous undercutting is usually implicit. (23)

 

breast height [hauteur de poitrine (n.f.)]
The standard height, 1.3 m above ground level, at which the diameter of a standing tree is measured. On sloping ground, breast height is usually measured on the uphill side of the tree. (5)

 

broadcast application [traitement en plein (n.m.)]
Applying pesticides and/or fertilizers with relative uniformity over the entire ground area. (3)

 

broadcast burning [brûlage extensif (n.m.)]
Allowing a controlled fire to burn over a designated area within well-defined boundaries, for reduction of fuel hazard, as a silvicultural treatment, or both. (3)

 

broadcast fertilizing [fertilisation à la volée (n.f.)]
The scattering of fertilizer or other mixture more or less evenly over an area.

 

broadcast seeding [ensemencement à la volée (n.m.)]
The scattering of seed more or less evenly over a whole area on which a forest stand is to be raised. (3)

 

brush [broussailles (n.f.)]
Shrubs and stands of short, scrubby tree species that do not reach merchantable size. (5)

Sometimes includes woody and herbaceous plants that impede regeneration or growth of desirable species. Often rated as "brush hazard".

 

brush blade [lame de râteau (n.f.)]
A blade having scarifier teeth instead of a plain edge, for pushing large objects like tree roots and rocks off a site, leaving smaller stones, soil, etc. in place. (3)

In British Columbia, known as a Beale's blade, specially designed with forks or long teeth protruding from the bottom of the blade for piling and windrowing coarse woody debris. Blade usually has an opening on each end.

 

brush chopper [broyeuse de rémanents (n.f.)]
An implement with blades mounted on a horizontal power-driven shaft, for reducing the bulk of slash after felling and so facilitating planting. (3)

 

brush disposal [élimination des rémanents (n.f.)]
See slash disposal

 

brushing [débroussaillement (n.m)]
The removal of undesirable herbaceous and woody vegetation by manual or mechanical means. (3)

 

brush rake [râteau débroussailleur (n.m.)]
See raking

 

budding [écussonnage (n.m.)]
Grafting by inserting a bud, with a small amount of tissue, into a slit or hole made in the bark of a stock plant. After union has formed, the portion of the stock plant above the bud is removed. (25)

 

bud pruning [ébourgeonnage (n.m.)]
Removal of lateral buds from a stem to prevent them from developing into branches. (3)

 

buffer strip [rideau vert (n.m.)]
A band of forest left relatively undisturbed so as to protect some element of the environment, such as a streambank from erosion; in experiments, refers to the strip of untreated area between adjacent treated areas.

 

bullet planting [plantation en cartouche (n.f.)]
Setting out young trees grown in bullet-shaped rigid plastic tubes, which are injected into the ground by a spring-loaded gun, sometimes into prepared holes. (3)

 

bush nursery [pépinière volante (n.f.)]
See field nursery

 

C

Introduction A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

 

cabling [dragage au câble (n.m.)]
See chaining

 

cache [cache (n.f.)]
A place for storing seedlings close to the planting site.

 

canopy [couvert forestier (n.m.)]
The more or less continuous cover of branches and foliage formed collectively by the crowns of adjacent trees. (1)

 

canopy class [classe de couvert (n.f.)]
syn. canopy cover class, crown class

Any class into which crops or stands may be divided on the basis of the degree of closure. (3)

 

canopy closure [fermeture du couvert (n.f.)]
1. The progressive reduction of space between crowns as they spread laterally, increasing canopy density. (1)

2. The point in time when crowns in a young stand begin to touch and interact.

 

canopy density [densité du couvert (n.f.)]
The amount of foliar cover, combining the extent of canopy closure and crown density. (1)

 

canopy opening [ouverture du couvert (n.f.)]
See opening up

 

careful logging around regeneration [coupe avec protection de la régénération (n.f.)]
Harvesting operation based on shelterwood cutting principles, where advanced regeneration is protected during harvesting.

 

carrier [support (n.m)]
Any material, e.g. sawdust, that is thoroughly mixed with seed, fertilizer, herbicide, etc., to protect it in transit.

 

catch crop [culture dérobée (n.f.)]
A short-term, generally agricultural crop introduced into and at the start of a longer-rotation forest crop, mainly to provide early financial returns. (3)

 

chaining [dragage (n.m.)]
syn. chain clearing, cabling in British Columbia.

A method of reducing or clearing undesirable scrub by dragging through it a heavy chain (generally further weighted by objects such as concrete cylinders or large steel balls) between two appropriately spaced tractors. (3)

 

check [stagnation (n.f.)]
Stagnation of tree or stand growth. (5)

 

chemical pruning [élagage chimique (n.m)]
The application of chemicals, e.g. plant-growth regulators, to the living tree so as to kill, suppress, or inhibit lateral shoots. (3)

 

chevron cuts [coupes par chevrons (n.f.)]
A modification of strip cutting where the strip is angled part way along its length. (28)

 

chopping [déchiquetage-épandage (n.m.)]
Destruction of plants of sapling size or smaller and their incorporation into the soil with heavy disk plough or rolling brush choppers. (21)

 

cleaning [dégagement (n.m.)]
syn. brushing

A release treatment made in a stand not past the sapling stage to free the favored trees from less desirable species of the same age that overtop them or are likely to do so. (1)

 

clearcut [coupe à blanc (n.f.)]
n: An area of forest land from which all merchantable trees have recently been harvested. (5)
syn. clearcutting

v: To harvest all merchantable trees from an area of forest land. (5)

 

clearcutting method [mode de régénération par coupe à blanc (n.m.)]
A method of regenerating an even-aged forest stand in which new seedlings become established in fully exposed microenvironments after removal of most or all of the existing trees. Regeneration can originate naturally or artificially. Clearcutting may be done in blocks, strips, or patches. (1)

 

clear-felled area [zone de coupe à blanc (n.f.)]
See clearcut

 

clearfelling [coupe rase, à blanc (n.f.)]
See clearcut

 

clearfelling method [mode de régénération par coupe à blanc (n.m.)]
See clearcutting method

 

clearing [clairière (n.f.)]
1. A considerable open space in a forest, which can be natural or artificial. (3)

2. Removal of standing, usually scrubby, vegetation to prepare a site for reforestation.

 

clear wood [bois sans défaut (n.m.)]
Knot-free wood formed subsequent to pruning.

 

clonal test [test clonal (n.m.)]
Evaluation of genotypes by comparing clones in a plantation. (25)

 

clone [clone (n.m.)]
All plants reproduced asexually from a common ancestor and having identical genotypes. Named clones are given non-Latin names preceded by the abbreviation "cl". (11)

 

closed canopy [couvert fermé (n.m.)]
See canopy closure

 

clump [cépée (n.f.), bouquet (n.m.)]
The aggregate of stems issuing from the same root, rhizome system, or stool.

An isolated, generally dense, group of trees. (3)

 

coarse woody debris [débris ligneux grossier (n.m.)]
The standing and downed dead wood in a forest.

 

codominant crown class [classe de cime codominante (n.f.)]
See crown class: codominant

 

commercial thinning [éclaircie commerciale (n.f.)]
See thinning: commercial

 

compensatory planting [reboisement de compensation (n.m.)]
Creating plantations in one area in order to replace, in part or whole, a loss of growing stock elsewhere. (3)

 

competition control [lutte contre la concurrence végétale (n.f.)]
A treatment designed to reduce the competitive effect of undesirable vegetation threatening the success of the regeneration of desirable tree species.

cf. brushing, cleaning

 

composition [composition (n.f.)]
The proportion of each tree species in a stand expressed as a percentage of the total number, basal area, or volume of all tree species in the stand. (1)

 

compound fertilizer [fertilisant multi-action (n.m.)]
A mixture of chemical nutrients added to the soil, having a broad array of actions.

 

cone collection [récolte de cônes (n.f.)]
Harvesting of cones after seed maturation but before their dispersal. (10)

 

cone rake [cueilleur de cônes (n.m.)]
A device for collecting cones from a standing tree; it is lowered from a helicopter, over the crown of a tree. Cones or cone-bearing branches are removed and retrieved by the device.

 

cone year [bonne année (de production de cônes) (n.f.)]
See seed year

 

contained root [racine contenue (n.f.)]
A root that does not elongate beyond the confines of the original rooting volume within a container, even when outplanted with the container removed. (23)

 

container [récipient (n.m.)]
Portable receptacle (pot, bag, or linked spaces) to hold rooting medium for growing planting stock.

 

container-grown [récipient, semis en (n.m.)]
syn. containerized

see seedling: container

 

containerized seedling [semis en récipient (n.m.)]
See seedling: container

 

container nursery [pépinière (de plants) en récipients (n.f.)]
A nursery where the stock is raised individually in containers. (3)

 

container planting [plantation (de plants) en récipients (n.f.)]
Setting out of young trees (generally individually) from, or together with, receptacles containing the soil, etc., in which they have developed, either from seed or less commonly as transplants. (3)

 

container seedling [semis en récipient (n.m.)]
See seedling: container

 

contour furrow [labour de niveau (n.m.)]
Trench made along a contour (i.e., horizontal) line, for the purpose of checking run-off and soil loss, and conserving moisture, in a hillside plantation. (3)

 

contour planting [plantation en bandes de niveau (n.f.)]
Setting out of young trees along a contour line.

 

controlled burning[brûlage dirigé (n.m.)]
See prescribed burning

 

conversion [conversion sylvicole (n.f.)]
A change from one silvicultural system to another, also called conversion cut, or from one stand of trees or ecosystem to another, termed species conversion, the silvicultural procedures involved constituting a conversion system.

Note: the change may be spread over most or all of the new rotation adopted; its duration is termed the conversion period.

In Newfoundland, the term stand conversion is used.

 

conversion period[durée de la conversion (n.f.)]
See conversion

 

coppice [taillis (n.m.)]
Natural regeneration originating from stump sprouts, stool shoots, or root suckers. (1)

 

coppice-of-two-rotations method [taillis composés (n.m.)]
A coppice method in which some of the coppice shoots are reserved for the whole of the next rotation, the rest being cut. (3)

 

coppice method [régime du taillis (n.m.)]
A method of regenerating a forest stand in which the cut trees produce sprouts, suckers, or shoots. (1)

 

coppice selection method [taillis fureté (n.m.)]
A coppice method in which only selected shoots of merchantable size are cut at each felling, giving uneven-aged stands. (3)

 

coppice shoot [rejet de taillis (n.m.)]
Any shoot arising from an adventitious or dormant bud near the base of a woody plant that has been cut back. (3)

 

coppice stand (forest) [taillis (n.m.)]
See coppice

 

coppice system [régime du taillis (n.m.)]
See coppice method

 

coppice with reserves [taillis sous réserves (n.m.)]
See coppice-with-standards method

 

coppice with standards [taillis-sous-futaie (n.m.)]
See coppice-with-standards method

 

coppice-with-standards method [régime du taillis-sous-futaie (n.m.)]
A method of regenerating a forest stand by coppicing whereby selected trees grown from seed are left to grow to larger size than the coppice beneath them, in order to provide seeds for natural regeneration of standards in subsequent rotations.

 

coppice wood [bois de taillis (n.m.)]
See coppice

 

coppicing [coupe de rajeunissement (n.f.), recépage (n.m.)]
Cutting trees close to ground level with a view to their producing coppice shoots. (3)

 

copse [bosquet de taillis (n.m.)]
A small woodlot or forest regularly cut over for regrowth. (3)

 

corridor planting [plantation en ligne (n.f.)]
Setting trees in parallel rows, generally at regular intervals between and in lines, on land either wholly or partially cleared. The form of line planting sometimes known as corridor planting involves setting a line of trees in narrow lanes ("corridors") that cut through undergrowth at more or less regular intervals (sometimes at their final crop spacing); generally a form of improvement planting or enrichment. (3)

 

corridor thinning [éclaircie en lignes (n.f.)]
See thinning: row

 

cover crop [engrais vert (n.m.)]
Syn. green manure crop

A suitable herbaceous crop, particularly Fabaceae but also Cruciferae and Gramineae, grown to reduce erosion, increase soil fertility, reduce invasion of more competitive vegetation, provide wildlife habitat, or protect site; it can be dug or ploughed in while succulent, with or without supplementary fertilizers.

 

cover density [densité du couvert (n.f.)]
See canopy density

 

cover type [type forestier, de couvert (n.m.)]
See forest type

 

crop [peuplement forestier (n.m.), récolte (n.f.)]
The harvestable vegetation growing on a forest area, more particularly the major woody growth forming the forest crop. (3)

 

crop planning [plan parcellaire de régénération (n.m.)]
The process of custom designing the density of regeneration and the timing and intensity of stand-tending treatments to achieve site- and species-specific stand-management objectives as well as to attain forest-level management objectives.

 

crop tree [arbre du peuplement final (n.m.)]
Any tree selected to become or forming a component of the final crop. (1)

 

crop-tree thinning [éclaircie par le haut (n.f.)]
See thinning: crown

 

crown [cime (n.f)]
The part of a tree bearing branches and foliage.

 

crown class [classe de cime (n.f.)]
Trees in a forest with crowns of similar development and occupying a similar position in the canopy; the term applies to groups of trees. (6)

codominant [codominant (n.m.)]:  Trees with crowns forming the general level of the main canopy in even-aged groups of trees, receiving full light from above and comparatively little from the sides. (1)

dominant [dominant (n.m.)]:  Trees with crowns extending above the general level of the main canopy of even-aged groups of trees and receiving full light from above and partial light from the sides. (1)

intermediate [intermédiaire (n.m.)]:   Trees with crowns extending into the lower portion of the main canopy of even-aged groups of trees, but shorter in height than the codominants; receiving little direct light from above and none from the sides; usually with small crowns that are crowded on the sides. (1)

open grown [en croissance libre (n.f.)]:   Trees with crowns receiving full light from all sides due to the openness of the canopy. (5)

predominant [prédominant (n.m.)]  Trees whose crowns have grown above the general level of the upper canopy. (3)

suppressed [dominé (n.m.)]:  Trees with crowns entirely below the general level of the canopy of even-aged groups of trees, receiving no direct light either from above or from the sides. (1)

syn. overtopped

 

crown closure [fermeture du couvert (n.f.)]
The available crown space between trees; 100% crown closure is the time at which all available crown space is fully occupied.

 

crown closure class [classe de fermeture du couvert (n.f.)]
Any interval into which the range of proportions of ground area covered by the vertically projected tree crown areas of a stand is divided for classification and use.

 

crown cover [couvert (n.m.)]
The ground area covered by the crowns of trees or woody vegetation as delimited by the vertical projection of crown perimeters and commonly expressed as a percentage of total ground area. (1)

 

crown density [densité du couvert d'une cime (n.f.)]
The amount, compactness, or depth of foliage of a tree crown. (1)

 

crown pruning [taille en cime (n.f.)]
1. Natural: Removal or decadence of lateral live crown by wind, abrasion, reduced light, etc.

2. Cultural: Mechanical removal of branch ends to shape crowns for aesthetic appeal, e.g., for Christmas trees, bonsai, etc. In seed orchards, promoting cone or fruit production nearer the ground to facilitate collection or other operations.

 

crown thinning [éclaircie par le haut (n.f.)]
See thinning: crown

 

crushing [écrasage (n.m.)]
The compaction of slash and brush by machinery.
In Manitoba, the chopping of slash and provision of microsites are considered important features of this treatment.

 

cull [rebut (n.m.)]
Trees or logs or portions thereof that are of merchantable size but are rendered unmerchantable by defects. (5)
In nursery practice, a seedling that does not match the grade or specifications.

 

cultural operations [soins culturaux (n.m.)]
A general term for operations, as a rule not directly remunerative, undertaken to assist or complete existing tree regeneration, to promote the development of a forest crop, and to minimize damage caused by felling and extraction. (3)

 

cultural practices [pratiques culturales (n.f.)]
See cultural operations

 

cut-bark application [traitement par entaillage de l'écorce (n.m.)]
See basal bark treatment

 

cutover [aire de coupe (n.f.)]
An area of forest land from which some or all timber has recently been cut. (5)

 

cut-stump treatment [traitement des souches (n.m.)]
See stump treatment

 

cutting
1. [bouture (n.f.)] A short length cut from a young, living stem, branch, or root, for propagating a whole new plant, in soil or other media. (3)

2. [abattage (n.m.)] The act of cutting down a standing tree.

syn. felling, falling

 

cutting cycle [rotation (n.f.)]
The planned interval between partial harvests in an uneven-aged stand. (1)

 

cutting regime [régime d'exploitation (n.m.)]
System of cutting treatments applied to a stand at a defined period.

 

D

Introduction A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

 

deadwood [bois mort]
Timber produced from dead standing trees. (3)

More commonly, timber in dead standing trees.

 

debris [débris (n.m.)]
See slash

 

debudding [ébourgeonnage (n.m.)]
See bud pruning

 

deep chiseling [ameublissement profond (n.m.)]
A surface treatment that loosens compacted soils. (18)

In Saskatchewan, termed decompaction.

 

deep ploughing [labourage profond (n.m.)]
See ploughing

 

deep ripping [scarifiage profond (n.m.)]
See ripping

 

deforestation [déboisement (n.m.)]
Permanent removal of forest cover and withdrawal of land from forest use, whether deliberately or circumstantially.

 

desirable plant species [espèces privilégiées (n.f.)]
Species that contribute to management objectives. (19)

 

diameter [diamètre (n.m.)]
diameter at breast height (dbh) [diamètre à hauteur de poitrine (dhp)]: The stem diameter of a tree measured at breast height (1.3 m above ground level). Unless otherwise stated, applies to the outside bark dimension. (5)

diameter at stump height (dsh) [diamètre à hauteur de souche (dhs)]:  The stem diameter of a tree measured at stump height. Stump height may be the actual height of a cut stump, or some arbitrarily selected standard. (5)

diameter inside bark (dib) [diamètre sans écorce]:   The diameter of a tree or log excluding double bark thickness. (5)

diameter outside bark (dob) [diamètre avec écorce]:   The diameter of a tree or log including bark. (5)

diameter over stubs (dos) [diamètre du cœur noueux]:   The outer diameter of the knotty core in pruned trees.

 

diameter-limit cutting [coupe au diamètre limite (n.f.)]
Removal of all merchantable trees above a specified minimum diameter, which in mixed stands may vary with species. (1)

 

diameter-limit felling [abattage au diamètre minimal (n.m.)]
See diameter-limit cutting

 

dibble planting [plantation au bâton (n.f.)]
Sowing seeds or setting out seedlings in rough holes made with a stick or peg. Also termed dibbling if done with a specially adapted tool such as a dibble. (3)

 

dibbling [plantation au bâton (n.f.)]
See dibble planting

 

dipping [trempage (n.m.)]
The immersion of seedling roots in a solution or water prior to planting.

 

direct seeding [ensemencement direct (n.m.)]
See seeding: direct

 

disbudding [ébourgeonnage (n.m.)]
See bud pruning

 

discing [déchaumage (n.m.)]
Scarification technique using disks to break small slash and the organic layer and to cut vegetation, loosening and incorporating these into the soil. (21)

 

disease [maladie (n.f.)]
Harmful deviation from normal functioning of physiological processes, generally pathogenic or environmental in origin. (3)

 

dominance potential [potentiel de dominance (n.m.)]
The relative ability of a tree or plant species to dominate a forest ecosystem, given an opportunity equal to that of its associates. (22)

 

dominant crown class [classe de cime dominante (n.f.)]
See crown class: dominant

 

dominant thinning [éclaircie jardinatoire (n.f.)]
See thinning: selection

 

dominated tree [retardataire (n.m.)]
See crown class: intermediate

 

downed timber [bois gisant (n.m.)]
See downed tree

 

downed tree [arbre abattu (n.m.)]
Any tree that is lying on the ground, whether uprooted, stem-broken, or deliberately cut. (3)

 

drag scarification [scarifiage par traînage (n.m.)]
Towing one or more rows of anchor chains, sharkfin barrels, tractor pads, alone or in various combinations, to break up and possibly spread slash and to loosen the forest floor and topsoil or expose mineral soil.

 

drainage [drainage (n.m.)]
1. Hydrology/engineering: The process of removal of water from soil, particularly by surface runoff and subsurface percolation and artificially by measures for hastening removal, e.g., by ditching. (3)

2. Pedology: The frequency and duration of the periods when the soil is free of saturation or partial saturation. A measurable characteristic (including rapidity and extent), but generally assessed from profile morphology, e.g., graying and color, and landform. Commonly described in terms of subjective drainage classes, extending from very poorly drained to excessively drained. (3)

 

drill [rayon (n.m.)]
See drill seeder

 

drill seeder [semoir en ligne (n.m.)]
A mechanical device for sowing seed in furrowed lines (i.e., in drills).

 

drill seeding [ensemencement en ligne (n.m.)]
See drill seeder

 

drum chopper [déchiqueteuse à tambour (n.f.)]
See slash chopper

 

dry packing [injection à sec]
In tree injection, a method of banding that uses a tight waterproof bandage packed with a chemical, either dry or in paste form. (3)

 

dry pruning [élagage à sec]
See pruning

 

duff [humus (n.m.), litière (n.f.)]
A general term referring to the litter and humus layers of the forest floor.

 

dysgenic [dysgénique (adj.)]
Detrimental to the genetic quality of a population and future generations. (25)

cf. eugenic

 

Introduction A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z